A review on the best practices in concrete pavement design and materials in wet-freeze climates similar to Michigan

The research presented in this paper aims to identify best practices of design and materials for concrete pavements in wet-freeze climates similar to the Michigan State. For the purposes of this paper, a best practice is a procedure that has been shown by field-validated research or experience to produce improved results and that is established or proposed as a standard suitable for widespread implementation. The local wet-freeze climate makes the requirements for Michigan's pavement system different from many other regions. Wet-freeze climates can result in various concrete pavement distress mechanisms such as thermally-induced cracking, freeze-thaw deterioration, accelerated cracking due to loss of support, frost heave, and material degradation. Therefore, appropriate procedures for design and material selection need to be selected to withstand high precipitation and freezing winter temperatures. Failure to take into account the climatic conditions may lead to inadequate or reduced pavement performance. However, utilizing appropriate techniques and materials could potentially improve the quality and increase the service life of the concrete pavement. Three design methods and five materials have been identified, and examples of their successful performance in wet-freeze climates are provided. In addition, the reasons that give them the superior performance in wet-freeze climates are discussed in detail.