Reimagining road pavements: Visionary approaches to future functionality and design

This review article presents a comprehensive overview of the evolving landscape of road pavements, focusing on the critical need to improve existing practices in response to modern transportation demands. With projections estimating the construction of over 25 million kilometres of new roads by 2050, there is increasing pressure to develop roadway infrastructure that is more resilient and sustainable. The article highlights the key challenges facing modern road pavements, including the growing demands from increased vehicular loads, the impacts of extreme weather events, and the urgent need to address environmental concerns. Advancements in road construction materials, including the use of alternative binders and recycled components are discussed in the context of promoting sustainability and supporting circular economy principles in design and construction. The integration of smart technologies, including sensors and pavement digital twins (PDTs) is also deliberated discussed in terms of its capacity to enhance infrastructure management through performance monitoring, predictive maintenance, and data-driven decision-making. Sustainable design practices that reduce carbon emissions and optimise material use are becoming increasingly important in pavement engineering. These innovations collectively point toward the development of future pavements capable of supporting emerging transportation systems while significantly improving the environmental performance of road networks. Lastly, this review also introduces emerging research areas that facilitate the incorporation of innovative technologies and nature-inspired solutions in pavement design and maintenance.