Moisture-Induced Pavement Distress: A Review of Damage Mechanism and Predictions

Moisture has been identified as a critical factor in the performance and durability of pavements, significantly impacting their structural integrity and load-bearing capacity. High moisture levels, particularly in the absence of effective drainage, can accelerate pavement deterioration, increasing the damage rate by a factor of 2.5. Despite its significance, the impact of moisture on pavement performance remains insufficiently incorporated into predictive models, primarily due to the inherent complexity of moisture behaviour and the challenges associated with accurate moisture measurement techniques. This review paper investigates the role of moisture in pavement distress and its integration into performance prediction models. Various moisture damage mechanisms are analysed, highlighting the necessity of incorporating moisture considerations into asset management practices and predictive frameworks. Additionally, it reviews commonly used moisture measurement techniques for pavements. Finally, the paper discusses existing prediction models for pavement distress and moisture, focusing on how these models account for the effects of moisture. The paper concludes with a recommendation for incorporating real-time moisture measurements into pavement performance prediction models to enhance the accuracy of forecasting pavement distress. This study provides valuable insights for researchers and engineers by identifying the critical role of moisture, evaluating current measurement techniques, and suggesting pathways to enhance prediction models, ultimately contributing to more effective pavement management practices.