Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Communication Technology and Its Pilot Projects: A Review

The development of Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication technology represents a breakthrough in intelligent transportation systems with the goals of enhancing environmental sustainability, safety, and traffic efficiency. Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I), Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P), and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) are some of the primary communication types that are included in V2X. Each of these communication types has a specific function in enabling real-time information exchange between vehicles, infrastructure, pedestrians, and power grids. This review paper explores the components, difficulties, and uses of V2X communication technology, offering a thorough overview of the field’s current status. It outlines a number of noteworthy pilot projects from across the globe that show the viability and efficacy of V2X in practical settings, with an emphasis on enhancing traffic control, lowering accident rates, and facilitating more environmentally friendly urban travel. Furthermore, this review discusses the integration of emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence and machine learning, in optimizing V2X communication for enhanced decision-making, traffic flow management, and safety.